The goal of the Water Vapor Millimeter-wave Spectrometer project is to measure water vapor in the middle atmosphere (between about 30 and 80 km). Since water vapor is the primary source of the OH radical and other hydrogen compounds, it is important in controlling ozone chemistry. Because the chemical timescales for water vapor are long relative to timescales for transport in the middle atmosphere, it is also an excellent tracer of atmospheric motion. The water vapor profiles shown here are obtained by measuring the emission of the 22 GHz transition of water vapor. The data has been obtained from nearly continual observations at the Network for the Detection of Stratospheric Change (NDSC) sites in Table Mountain, California (since January 1992), in Lauder, New Zealand(since November 1992), and in Mauna Loa, Hawaii (since February 1996).
WVMS 1 National Institute of Water & Atmospheres Research, Lauder, New Zealand
WVMS 2 JPL's Table Mountain Facility, Wrightwood, California
WVMS 3 Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii
NDSC/NRL Microwave Algorithm Intercomparison
Nedoluha, Gerald E., Richard M. Bevilacqua, R. Michael Gomez, Brian C. Hicks, James M. Russell, and Brian J. Connor, Ground-based microwave observations of middle atmospheric water vapor in the 1990s, Geophysical Monograph 123, Atmospheric Science Across the Stratopause, 257-270, 2000.
Nedoluha, Gerald. E., Richard. M. Bevilacqua, R. Michael. Gomez, Brian. C. Hicks, and James M. Russell III, Measurements of middle atmospheric water vapor from low latitudes and midlatitudes in the Northern Hemisphere, 1995-1998, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 19257-19266, 1999.
Nedoluha, Gerald E., Richard M. Bevilacqua, R. Michael Gomez, David E. Siskind, Brian C. Hicks, and James M. Russell III, Increases in middle atmospheric water vapor as observed by HALOE and the ground-based Water Vapor Millimeter-wave Spectrometer from 1991-1997, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 3531-3542, 1998.
Nedoluha, G. E., D. S. Siskind, J. T. Bacmeister, R. M. Bevilacqua, and J. M. Russell III, Changes in upper stratospheric CH4 and NO2 as measured by HALOE and implications for changes in transport, Geophysical Res. Let., 25, 987-990, 1998.
Nedoluha, G. E., R. M. Bevilacqua, R. M. Gomez, W. B. Waltman, B. C. Hicks, D. L. Thacker, J. M. Russell, M. Abrams, H. C. Pumphrey, and B. J. Connor, A comparative study of mesospheric water vapor measurments from the ground-based water vapor millimeter-wave spectrometer and space-based instruments, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 16647-16661, 1997.
Nedoluha, G. E., R. M. Bevilacqua, R. M. Gomez, W. B. Waltman, B. C. Hicks, D. L. Thacker, and W. A. Matthews, Measurements of water vapor in the middle atmosphere and implications for mesospheric transport, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 21183-21193, 1996.
Nedoluha, G. E., R. M. Bevilacqua, R. M. Gomez, D. L. Thacker, W. B. Waltman, and T. A. Pauls, Ground-based measurements of water vapor in the middle atmosphere, J. Geophys. Res., 100, 2927-2939, 1995.
For more information please send e-mail to Dr.Gerald Nedoluha
Operated by: Remote Sensing Division, Naval Research Laboratory
Approving Official: Dr. Richard M. Bevilacqua, Superintendent(Acting), Remote Sensing Division, NRL
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